Skin Cancer Surgery

Overview
Skin cancer surgery removes cancerous or pre-cancerous skin lesions to prevent spread and achieve the best cosmetic result. It is the most effective treatment for most types of skin cancer, including basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and some melanomas.

Types of Skin Cancer Treated

  • Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): slow-growing and rarely spreads, but can invade nearby tissue if untreated.

  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC): may grow faster and, in some cases, spread to lymph nodes if not removed.

  • Melanoma: the most serious form of skin cancer, requires early detection and complete excision.

Surgical Options
The surgical approach depends on the type, size, and location of the cancer:

  • Simple Excision: removal of the tumour with a margin of normal skin; closed with fine sutures.

  • Wide Local Excision: used for melanoma or aggressive cancers; removes a broader margin to ensure complete clearance.

  • Curettage and Cautery: for small or superficial lesions; tissue is scraped and cauterised to destroy remaining cells.

  • Skin Flap or Graft Reconstruction: when larger areas are removed, nearby tissue or a skin graft may be used to restore natural appearance and function.

  • Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy: may be performed for melanoma to check for spread to nearby lymph nodes.

Recovery

  • Most procedures are done under local anaesthetic as day surgery.

  • Mild swelling or bruising may occur; sutures usually removed within 5–14 days depending on the site.

  • Keep the area clean, follow wound care instructions, and protect the scar from sun exposure.

  • Most patients resume normal activities immediately or within a few days.

Results and Scarring

  • The goal is complete removal of the cancer with minimal scarring.

  • Scars fade over time and are usually positioned along natural skin lines.

  • In some cases, reconstructive techniques restore a near-normal appearance.

Risks

  • Bleeding, infection, or delayed wound healing

  • Scarring or contour irregularity

  • Rare recurrence if cancer cells remain at the edges (may require re-excision)

Long-Term Care

  • Regular skin checks every 6–12 months

  • Sun protection: daily SPF 50+, protective clothing, and avoidance of tanning beds

  • Early assessment of any new or changing lesions

Summary
Skin cancer surgery offers excellent cure rates when performed early. Careful excision, appropriate reconstruction, and long-term skin surveillance provide both medical safety and good cosmetic outcomes.